Now that I’m aware that the different London entities exist, I keep noticing bits of information about the relationship between the City of London (the City), the City of Westminster (called Town by the Polite World), the County of Middlesex and Southwark, not just historically, but right through to the present day.  For example, I was watching a documentary on Jack the Ripper, which pointed to his straddling the boundary between the City and Middlesex. Having two different police forces involved hampered the investigation. A news item at the time of the death of Prince Phillip the Duke of Edinburgh speculated about the death of the Queen, and claimed that, historically, the City of London is not part of the United Kingdom after a new monarch is proclaimed, until it choses to be so when the Lord Mayor swears fealty to the king or queen, and that part of their charter is that the monarch must ask permission to visit. (I’m not saying that’s correct–in fact, I did a bit of research and I think the conclusions the news article drew misinterpreted the facts.)

Nonetheless, the City of London is a peculiar place, which retains much independence as a result of medieval agreements, beginning in 886 and repeated down through time.

With its powerful City-wide authorities of the Lord Mayor and the Courts of Aldermen and Common Council, its overlapping local jurisdictions of wards and parishes, and the separate corporations of the guilds, the City was governed differently and more intensively than any other part of the metropolis. Throughout the century, the City successful defended its independence from all other forms of metropolitan government, as exemplified in its exemption from the 1792 Middlesex Justices Act. [London Lives: https://www.londonlives.org/static/CityLocalGovernment.jsp]

One result of the ancient liberties that the City enjoyed was that certain places enjoyed the residue of rights granted to the religious institutions that previously thrived there, and were exempt from ordinary laws. The example you’ve probably heard of allowed what they called Fleet marriages.

Various bylaws made prosecution of Fleet clergy impossible, even for conduction bigamous or over-hasty wedding services, and so the Liberty of the Fleet became the Las Vegas wedding chapel of London… It was possible to walk in, sign and get out in under fifteen minutes, as the mammoth number of records for the period show: over a quarter of a million in fifty years. Marrying ‘at the Ditch-side’, as it is called on some certificates, might not have been romantic but it was fast, fuss-free and didn’t require parental consent. [Georgian London: Into the Streets. Lucy Inglis]

On sundown on 24 March 1754, the Hardwicke Marriage Act became law, bringing in rules about parental consent, and guidelines for banns, licenses, and church celebration. That day, the Fleet Chapel recorded close to one hundred marriages, but the Liberty of the Fleet was over.